Dukungan Sosial untuk Aktivitas Fisik Mahasiswa
Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, dukungan sosial, mahasiswa
Abstract
Berbagai studi mengungkapkan bahwa dukungan sosial merupakan salah satu faktor utama dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap tingkat dukungan sosial dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik pada mahasiswa perguruan tinggi yang terdiri atas dua sumber dukungan yaitu dukungan teman dan keluarga. Mahasiswa yang menjadi sampel penelitian direkrut secara sukarela untuk mengisi kuesioner dukungan sosial untuk aktivitas fisik sebanyak 814 mahasiswa. Rentang usia sampel yaitu 17-23 tahun dengan mahasiswa laki-laki berjumlah 393 orang dan mahasiswa perempuan berjumlah 421 orang. Data diambil dengan menggunakan instrumen scale for social support for diet and exercise behaviors yang mengukur tingkat dukungan sosial yang terbagi atas dukungan teman dan dukungan keluarga. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 6% mahasiswa memperoleh dukungan sosial dengan tingkat yang sangat rendah, 36% di tingkat dukungan rendah, 48% di tingkat dukungan tinggi, dan 10% mahasiswa memperoleh dukungan sosial sangat tinggi. Dukungan teman lebih baik dalam mendukung aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat dukungan kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi diperoleh dengan presentasi sebesar 59% dibandingkan dengan dukungan keluarga pada kategori sangat tinggi dan tinggi yang totalnya hanya 45%. Dukungan sosial mahasiswa laki-laki juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dukungan pada mahasiswa perempuan.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aceijas, C., Bello-Corassa, R., WaldhäuslN, S., Lambert, N., & Cassar, S. (2016). Barriers and determinants of physical activity among UK university stu dents. European Journal of Public Health, 26(suppl_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.255
Arias-Palencia, N. M., Solera-Martínez, M., Gracia-Marco, L., Silva, P., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Cañete-García-Prieto, J., & Sánchez-López, M. (2015). Levels and patterns of objectively assessed physical activity and compliance with different public health guidelines in university students. PloS One, 10(11), e0141977.
Brown, C. E. B., Richardson, K., Halil-Pizzirani, B., Atkins, L., Yücel, M., & Segrave, R. A. (2024). Key influences on university students’ physical activity: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework and the COM-B model of human behaviour. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 418.
Carballo-Fazanes, A., Rico-Díaz, J., Barcala-Furelos, R., Rey, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., Varela-Casal, C., & Abelairas-Gómez, C. (2020). Physical Activity Habits and Determinants, Sedentary Behaviour and Lif estyle in University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093272
Clemente, F. M., Nikolaidis, P. T., Martins, F. M. L., & Mendes, R. S. (2016). Physical Activity Patterns in University Students: Do They Follow the Public Health Guidelines? PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0152516. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152516
Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Clarys, P. (2015). Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in universit y students: a qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1553-4
Ferreira Silva, R. M., Mendonça, C. R., Azevedo, V. D., Raoof Memon, A., Noll, P. R. E. S., & Noll, M. (2022). Barriers to high school and university students’ physical activity: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 17(4), e0265913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265913
Fitzgerald, S. A., Fitzgerald, H. T., Fitzgerald, N. M., Fitzgerald, T. R., & Fitzgerald, D. A. (2022). Somatic, psychological and economic benefits of regular physical activ ity beginning in childhood. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 58(2), 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15879
Gao, Z., Chee, C. S., Dev, R. D. O., Li, F., Li, R., Gao, J., & Liu, Y. (2024). Exploring the role of social capital in enhancing physical activity am ong college and university students: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 19(11), e0314610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314610
Gross, J., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Gorczynski, P., & Soundy, A. (2015). A narrative synthesis investigating the use and value of social suppor t to promote physical activity among individuals with schizophrenia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(2), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1024343
Hailey, V., Fisher, A., Hamer, M., & Fancourt, D. (2022). Perceived Social Support and Sustained Physical Activity During the CO VID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30(5), 651–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-022-10125-2
Herbert, C. (2022). Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of Universit y Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Program s. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093
Heredia, N. I., Walker, T. J., Lee, M., & Reininger, B. M. (2019). The longitudinal relationship between social support and physical activity in Hispanics. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(6), 921–924.
Jason, T., McGannon, K. R., Blanchard, C. M., Rainham, D., & Dechman, G. (2015). A systematic gender-based review of physical activity correlates in coronary heart disease patients. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 1–23.
Johansen, R., Espetvedt, M. N., Lyshol, H., Clench-Aas, J., & Myklestad, I. (2021). Mental distress among young adults–gender differences in the role of social support. BMC Public Health, 21, 1–14.
Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., & Sporiš, G. (2021). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Sys tematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010158
Kraus, W. E., Bittner, V., Appel, L., Blair, S. N., Church, T., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Miller, T. D., Pate, R. R., Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Vafiadis, D. K., & Whitsel, L. (2015). The National Physical Activity Plan: A Call to Action From the America n Heart Association. Circulation, 131(21), 1932–1940. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000203
Kukić, F., Koropanovski, N., Vesković, A., & Petrović, N. (2022). Physical Activity as a Means to Improve Subjective Vitality of Univers ity Students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(4), 1101–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2119196
Kulik, N., Valle, C. G., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Friend and family support for weight loss in adolescent females. Childhood Obesity, 12(1), 44–51.
Kuzmik, A., Liu, Y., Cuffee, Y., Kong, L., Sciamanna, C. N., & Rovniak, L. S. (2022). The association between gender and physical activity was partially mediated by social network size during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2495.
Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., Kelly, P., McNamee, L., & Niven, A. (2016). The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13, 1–14.
Mainra, N. K., Ironside, A. K., Johnson, S. R., Rolfes, T. T., Fatima, M. A., Melanson, K., & Foulds, H. J. A. (2024). The impact of family and friend support of physical activity on the participation in physical activity within Indigenous individuals in Saskatoon. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1476949.
Mendonca, G., Cheng, L. A., Melo, E. N., & de Farias Junior, J. C. (2014). Physical activity and social support in adolescents: a systematic revi ew. Health Education Research, 29(5), 822–839. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu017
Miller, K. R., McClave, S. A., Jampolis, M. B., Hurt, R. T., Krueger, K., Landes, S., & Collier, B. (2016). The Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity. Current Nutrition Reports, 5(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-016-0175-5
Mohammed, A., Aaron, J. K.-D., J., M., Julie, A. P., & D., N. (2021). Impact of Social Support on the Physical Activity Behaviors of Interna tional College Students in the United States. International Journal of Exercise Science, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.70252/omte6688
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., Kassean, H. K., Tsala Tsala, J. P., Sychareun, V., & Müller-Riemenschneider, F. (2015). Physical inactivity and associated factors among university students in 23 low-, middle-and high-income countries. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 539–549.
Ren, Z., Hu, L., Yu, J., Yu, Q., Chen, S., Ma, Y., Lin, J., Yang, L., Li, X., & Zou, L. (2020). The Influence of Social Support on Physical Activity in Chinese Adoles cents: The Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy. Children, 7(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7030023
Sallis, J. F., Grossman, R. M., Pinski, R. B., Patterson, T. L., & Nader, P. R. (1987). The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors. Preventive Medicine, 16(6), 825–836.
Sarkar, S., Taylor, W. C., Lai, D., Shegog, R., & Paxton, R. J. (2016). Social support for physical activity: Comparison of family, friends, a nd coworkers. Work, 55(4), 893–899. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-162459
Scarapicchia, T. M. F., Sabiston, C. M., Pila, E., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K. P., & Faulkner, G. (2017). A longitudinal investigation of a multidimensional model of social sup port and physical activity over the first year of university. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 31, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.03.011
Schlenk, E. A., Sereika, S. M., Martire, L. M., & Shi, X. (2021). Older adults’ social network and support and its association with physical activity. Geriatric Nursing, 42(2), 517–523.
Smith, G. S. E., Moyle, W., & Burton, N. W. (2023). The Relationship between Social Support for Physical Activity and Phys ical Activity across Nine Years in Adults Aged 60–65 Years at Baseline . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054531
Soundy, A., Freeman, P., Stubbs, B., Probst, M., & Vancampfort, D. (2014). The value of social support to encourage people with schizophrenia to engage in physical activity: an international insight from specialist mental health physiotherapists. Journal of Mental Health, 23(5), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2014.951481
Stevens, M., Cruwys, T., & Murray, K. (2020). Social support facilitates physical activity by reducing pain. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(3), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12424
Urell, C., Zetterberg, L., Hellström, K., & Anens, E. (2021). Factors explaining physical activity level in Parkinson s disease: A gender focus. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 37(4), 507–516.
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/hco.0000000000000437
Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Li, B., & Ma, S. (2024). Cross-lagged analysis of social support, physical activity behavior, a nd family relationships among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1439252
Arias-Palencia, N. M., Solera-Martínez, M., Gracia-Marco, L., Silva, P., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Cañete-García-Prieto, J., & Sánchez-López, M. (2015). Levels and patterns of objectively assessed physical activity and compliance with different public health guidelines in university students. PloS One, 10(11), e0141977.
Brown, C. E. B., Richardson, K., Halil-Pizzirani, B., Atkins, L., Yücel, M., & Segrave, R. A. (2024). Key influences on university students’ physical activity: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework and the COM-B model of human behaviour. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 418.
Carballo-Fazanes, A., Rico-Díaz, J., Barcala-Furelos, R., Rey, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., Varela-Casal, C., & Abelairas-Gómez, C. (2020). Physical Activity Habits and Determinants, Sedentary Behaviour and Lif estyle in University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093272
Clemente, F. M., Nikolaidis, P. T., Martins, F. M. L., & Mendes, R. S. (2016). Physical Activity Patterns in University Students: Do They Follow the Public Health Guidelines? PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0152516. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152516
Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Clarys, P. (2015). Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in universit y students: a qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1553-4
Ferreira Silva, R. M., Mendonça, C. R., Azevedo, V. D., Raoof Memon, A., Noll, P. R. E. S., & Noll, M. (2022). Barriers to high school and university students’ physical activity: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 17(4), e0265913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265913
Fitzgerald, S. A., Fitzgerald, H. T., Fitzgerald, N. M., Fitzgerald, T. R., & Fitzgerald, D. A. (2022). Somatic, psychological and economic benefits of regular physical activ ity beginning in childhood. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 58(2), 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15879
Gao, Z., Chee, C. S., Dev, R. D. O., Li, F., Li, R., Gao, J., & Liu, Y. (2024). Exploring the role of social capital in enhancing physical activity am ong college and university students: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 19(11), e0314610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314610
Gross, J., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Gorczynski, P., & Soundy, A. (2015). A narrative synthesis investigating the use and value of social suppor t to promote physical activity among individuals with schizophrenia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(2), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1024343
Hailey, V., Fisher, A., Hamer, M., & Fancourt, D. (2022). Perceived Social Support and Sustained Physical Activity During the CO VID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30(5), 651–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-022-10125-2
Herbert, C. (2022). Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of Universit y Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Program s. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093
Heredia, N. I., Walker, T. J., Lee, M., & Reininger, B. M. (2019). The longitudinal relationship between social support and physical activity in Hispanics. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(6), 921–924.
Jason, T., McGannon, K. R., Blanchard, C. M., Rainham, D., & Dechman, G. (2015). A systematic gender-based review of physical activity correlates in coronary heart disease patients. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 1–23.
Johansen, R., Espetvedt, M. N., Lyshol, H., Clench-Aas, J., & Myklestad, I. (2021). Mental distress among young adults–gender differences in the role of social support. BMC Public Health, 21, 1–14.
Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., & Sporiš, G. (2021). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Sys tematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010158
Kraus, W. E., Bittner, V., Appel, L., Blair, S. N., Church, T., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Miller, T. D., Pate, R. R., Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Vafiadis, D. K., & Whitsel, L. (2015). The National Physical Activity Plan: A Call to Action From the America n Heart Association. Circulation, 131(21), 1932–1940. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000203
Kukić, F., Koropanovski, N., Vesković, A., & Petrović, N. (2022). Physical Activity as a Means to Improve Subjective Vitality of Univers ity Students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(4), 1101–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2119196
Kulik, N., Valle, C. G., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Friend and family support for weight loss in adolescent females. Childhood Obesity, 12(1), 44–51.
Kuzmik, A., Liu, Y., Cuffee, Y., Kong, L., Sciamanna, C. N., & Rovniak, L. S. (2022). The association between gender and physical activity was partially mediated by social network size during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2495.
Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., Kelly, P., McNamee, L., & Niven, A. (2016). The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13, 1–14.
Mainra, N. K., Ironside, A. K., Johnson, S. R., Rolfes, T. T., Fatima, M. A., Melanson, K., & Foulds, H. J. A. (2024). The impact of family and friend support of physical activity on the participation in physical activity within Indigenous individuals in Saskatoon. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1476949.
Mendonca, G., Cheng, L. A., Melo, E. N., & de Farias Junior, J. C. (2014). Physical activity and social support in adolescents: a systematic revi ew. Health Education Research, 29(5), 822–839. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu017
Miller, K. R., McClave, S. A., Jampolis, M. B., Hurt, R. T., Krueger, K., Landes, S., & Collier, B. (2016). The Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity. Current Nutrition Reports, 5(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-016-0175-5
Mohammed, A., Aaron, J. K.-D., J., M., Julie, A. P., & D., N. (2021). Impact of Social Support on the Physical Activity Behaviors of Interna tional College Students in the United States. International Journal of Exercise Science, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.70252/omte6688
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., Kassean, H. K., Tsala Tsala, J. P., Sychareun, V., & Müller-Riemenschneider, F. (2015). Physical inactivity and associated factors among university students in 23 low-, middle-and high-income countries. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 539–549.
Ren, Z., Hu, L., Yu, J., Yu, Q., Chen, S., Ma, Y., Lin, J., Yang, L., Li, X., & Zou, L. (2020). The Influence of Social Support on Physical Activity in Chinese Adoles cents: The Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy. Children, 7(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7030023
Sallis, J. F., Grossman, R. M., Pinski, R. B., Patterson, T. L., & Nader, P. R. (1987). The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors. Preventive Medicine, 16(6), 825–836.
Sarkar, S., Taylor, W. C., Lai, D., Shegog, R., & Paxton, R. J. (2016). Social support for physical activity: Comparison of family, friends, a nd coworkers. Work, 55(4), 893–899. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-162459
Scarapicchia, T. M. F., Sabiston, C. M., Pila, E., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K. P., & Faulkner, G. (2017). A longitudinal investigation of a multidimensional model of social sup port and physical activity over the first year of university. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 31, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.03.011
Schlenk, E. A., Sereika, S. M., Martire, L. M., & Shi, X. (2021). Older adults’ social network and support and its association with physical activity. Geriatric Nursing, 42(2), 517–523.
Smith, G. S. E., Moyle, W., & Burton, N. W. (2023). The Relationship between Social Support for Physical Activity and Phys ical Activity across Nine Years in Adults Aged 60–65 Years at Baseline . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054531
Soundy, A., Freeman, P., Stubbs, B., Probst, M., & Vancampfort, D. (2014). The value of social support to encourage people with schizophrenia to engage in physical activity: an international insight from specialist mental health physiotherapists. Journal of Mental Health, 23(5), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2014.951481
Stevens, M., Cruwys, T., & Murray, K. (2020). Social support facilitates physical activity by reducing pain. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(3), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12424
Urell, C., Zetterberg, L., Hellström, K., & Anens, E. (2021). Factors explaining physical activity level in Parkinson s disease: A gender focus. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 37(4), 507–516.
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/hco.0000000000000437
Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Li, B., & Ma, S. (2024). Cross-lagged analysis of social support, physical activity behavior, a nd family relationships among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1439252
Published
2025-06-09
How to Cite
Anwar, N. I. A., Hasmyati, & Zulfikar, M. (2025). Dukungan Sosial untuk Aktivitas Fisik Mahasiswa. Indonesian Journal of Physical Activity, 5(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.59734/ijpa.v5i1.119
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Zulfikar, Nur Indah Atifah Anwar, Hasmyati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
1.png)
